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Candlemakers-Toolbox

Candle Dictionary

Essential terms, abbreviations, and definitions for candle makers

Showing 400 of 400 terms

A

ASTM

(ASTM)

Safety

American Society for Testing and Materials; publishes candle safety standards like ASTM F2417.

Additive
Additives

A substance added to wax to modify properties like hardness, opacity, or release; examples include stearic acid or vybar.

Advanced
Business/Production

An experienced candle maker who has mastered techniques and may teach or innovate.

Affiliate
Business/Production

A partner who promotes products in exchange for a commission on sales.

Afterglow
Safety

When the wick tip continues glowing after the flame is extinguished; excessive afterglow can be a wick issue.

Age Restrictions
Safety

Minimum age requirements for purchasing or using certain products; rarely applicable to standard candles.

Allergen
Safety

A substance that can trigger allergic reactions; some fragrance components are allergens requiring disclosure.

Altitude
Process

Elevation above sea level; can affect wax melting and boiling points, requiring minor adjustments.

Apron
Safety

Protective clothing worn during candle making to prevent wax and fragrance stains.

Artisan
Business/Production

A term describing handcrafted, often small-batch products made with attention to quality and detail.

Assembly Line
Business/Production

An organized production method where tasks are divided into stations for faster output.

Australia Regulations
Safety

Australian standards for candle safety, labeling, and consumer protection.

B

Banned Ingredients
Safety

Substances prohibited in candles by certain jurisdictions (example: lead wicks in many countries).

Barcode

(UPC)

Business/Production

A scannable code used for inventory management and retail sales (UPC, EAN, etc.).

Base Notes
Fragrance

The longest-lasting components of a fragrance; provide depth and staying power.

Batch
Business/Production

A group of candles made at the same time with the same formulation.

Batch Code
Business/Production

A unique identifier printed on products to trace production date and batch for recalls or quality control.

Batch Size
Measurements

The total amount of wax or number of candles produced in a single production run.

Batch Testing
Testing & Performance

Testing a representative candle from each production batch to confirm consistent performance.

Beeswax
Wax

Natural wax produced by bees; typically higher melt point and naturally scented.

Beginner
Business/Production

Someone new to candle making; should start simple and test thoroughly before selling.

Best Practices
Business/Production

Recommended methods and standards for safe, consistent candle making.

Bleeding
Testing & Performance

When dye or fragrance migrates visibly within the wax or across layers, often in embeds or multi-layer pours.

Blending
Fragrance

Combining multiple fragrance oils to create custom scent profiles.

Blowout
Testing & Performance

When the flame self-extinguishes unexpectedly during normal use, often due to drowning, clogging, or drafts.

Bookkeeping
Business/Production

Recording financial transactions for tax and business management purposes.

Booster Wood Wick
Wicks

A style of wood wick designed to improve flame strength by layering or boosting airflow/fuel.

Botanical
Additives

Natural plant material (flowers, herbs) sometimes added to candles; must be tested for flammability and safety.

Box
Business/Production

Packaging that protects candles during shipping and provides premium presentation.

Branding
Business/Production

Creating a unique identity for your candle business through naming, design, and packaging.

Break-Even
Business/Production

The point where revenue equals costs; no profit or loss.

Brick and Mortar
Business/Production

A physical retail location as opposed to online-only sales.

Bubble Wrap
Business/Production

Protective material used to cushion candles during shipping.

Bulk Order
Business/Production

A large quantity purchase, often at a discounted wholesale rate.

Burn Cycle
Testing & Performance

One complete burning session, often recommended to last until a full melt pool is achieved (commonly 1-4 hours for containers).

Burn Instructions
Safety

Guidelines provided to customers on safe candle use (trim wick, burn duration, never leave unattended, etc.).

Burn Time
Testing & Performance

How long a candle burns from first light to complete fuel consumption.

Burn on Heat-Resistant Surface
Safety

Safety instruction to place candles on stable, non-flammable surfaces away from edges.

Burns
Safety

Injuries from hot wax or equipment; proper handling and safety gear help prevent them.

Business Card
Business/Production

Contact information and branding included with orders for customer reference.

Business License
Business/Production

Legal permission required to operate a candle business in many jurisdictions.

C

CD Wick

(CD)

Wicks

A common braided cotton wick series used in container candles; always test for your system.

CDN Wick

(CDN)

Wicks

A related container wick series; sizing differs from CD and must be tested.

CLP

(CLP)

Safety

Classification, Labeling, and Packaging regulations (EU) for hazardous substances including fragrance oils.

COA

(COA)

Business/Production

Certificate of Analysis; a document from suppliers confirming product specifications and testing results.

COGS

(COGS)

Business/Production

Cost of Goods Sold; the direct costs of materials and labor to make each candle.

CPSC

(CPSC)

Safety

Consumer Product Safety Commission; US agency monitoring product safety including candles.

Calculator
Tools

A tool (physical or digital) used to compute recipe quantities, costs, or conversions.

Canada Regulations
Safety

Canadian rules for candle safety, labeling, and hazard communication.

Candle Care
Safety

The practices customers should follow to maximize performance and safety (trimming, burn duration, storage).

Capillary Action
Wicks

The process by which melted wax moves up the wick fibers to feed the flame.

Carbon Neutral
Business/Production

A claim that a product's carbon emissions are offset; requires verification and documentation.

Ceramic
Containers & Hardware

A container material that can withstand heat; requires testing to ensure safe burning.

Certification
Business/Production

Official verification that products meet specific standards (organic, fair trade, etc.).

Child-Resistant Packaging
Safety

Special packaging designed to prevent young children from accessing dangerous products; not typically required for candles.

Chunk Wax
Additives

Solid pieces of colored wax added to a pour for a decorative effect.

Claims
Business/Production

Customer complaints or legal actions alleging harm from a product; proper testing and compliance help prevent them.

Clamshell
Containers & Hardware

A common plastic package with multiple cavities used for wax melts.

Clean Burning
Business/Production

A marketing term suggesting minimal soot or emissions; proper wicking and testing are key to achieving this.

Cleanup
Process

The process of removing wax from tools, surfaces, and containers after production.

Clogging
Testing & Performance

When fragrance, dye, or additives accumulate and restrict the wick's ability to draw wax, causing weak flames or extinguishing.

Coconut Wax
Wax

Wax derived from coconut oil (often blended); known for smooth appearance and good adhesion.

Cold Throw

(CT)

Testing & Performance

How strongly a candle smells when it is not lit (from the wax in the container or bar).

Collaboration
Business/Production

Partnering with other businesses or makers for joint products, promotions, or events.

Color Intensity
Testing & Performance

How vibrant or saturated a dyed candle appears; depends on dye type and load.

Color Matching
Business/Production

Achieving consistent color across batches by carefully measuring dye.

Commission
Business/Production

A percentage of sales paid to a seller, affiliate, or consignment location.

Community
Business/Production

Online groups, forums, or local networks where candle makers share knowledge and support.

Compliance
Business/Production

Meeting legal and safety requirements for candle production, labeling, and sales.

Concrete
Containers & Hardware

A trendy container material for candles; must be sealed and tested for heat tolerance.

Consignment
Business/Production

Placing products in a retail location where payment is made only after items sell.

Container
Containers & Hardware

The heat-safe vessel that holds the wax and wick for a container candle.

Container Candle
Containers & Hardware

A candle poured into a heat-safe vessel designed to contain the melt pool.

Container Diameter
Measurements

The inner width of the container, a key factor in choosing wick size.

Container Prep
Process

Cleaning and preparing containers before pouring (inspecting, placing wick stickers).

Contract Manufacturing
Business/Production

Making candles for other businesses based on their specifications and formulas.

Control Candle
Testing & Performance

A reference candle with known performance used to compare against test candles.

Conversion
Measurements

Calculating equivalent measurements between units (ounces to grams, pounds to kilograms, etc.).

Cooling
Process

The process by which poured wax solidifies; rate and environment can affect finish, adhesion, and structure.

Copyright
Business/Production

Legal protection for original creative works like product photos, designs, or written content.

Cored Wick
Wicks

A wick built around a core material (example: zinc-cored) for stability in some systems.

Coreless Wick
Wicks

A wick without a core material (like paper or zinc).

Cork Lid
Containers & Hardware

A natural cork topper often used for aesthetic appeal on jar candles.

Corporate Gifts
Business/Production

Candles sold to businesses for employee gifts, client appreciation, or events.

Crackling
Testing & Performance

The audible crackle sometimes produced by wood wicks during burning.

Cruelty-Free
Business/Production

Products or ingredients not tested on animals; often a marketing and ethical consideration.

Cure Time
Process

The rest period after pouring that allows wax crystals and fragrance to stabilize, often improving performance and throw.

Curing Station
Business/Production

A designated area where candles rest and cure after pouring.

Custom Mold
Containers & Hardware

A specially designed or commissioned mold for unique candle shapes.

Custom Order
Business/Production

A personalized product made to customer specifications.

Customer Service
Business/Production

Support and communication provided to customers before, during, and after purchase.

Customization
Business/Production

Offering personalized options like custom labels, scents, or colors for customers.

Customs
Business/Production

Government agencies regulating imports/exports; candles may require special documentation or face restrictions.

D

Dipper
Tools

A tool that bends the wick into the melted wax to extinguish the flame; reduces smoke.

Discontinue Use
Safety

Instructions to stop burning a candle when wax reaches a certain level (commonly 1/2 inch) to prevent overheating.

Discontinued
Business/Production

A product that is permanently removed from the product line.

Discount Code
Business/Production

A code customers enter at checkout to receive a price reduction.

Documentation
Business/Production

Recording recipes, test results, and processes for repeatability and troubleshooting.

Double Boiler
Tools

A method of melting wax indirectly using a pot over simmering water to avoid direct heat.

Draft
Safety

Air movement around the candle that can disrupt the flame, causing smoking, uneven burning, or excessive heat.

Dropper
Tools

A tool for precise measurement and addition of liquid dye or small amounts of fragrance.

Drowning
Testing & Performance

When the wick becomes submerged in melted wax and struggles to stay lit.

Dupe
Fragrance

A fragrance oil designed to replicate a popular designer or commercial scent.

Duties
Business/Production

Taxes or fees charged on imported goods; affect international shipping costs.

Dye
Additives

A colorant added to wax to create colored candles; can be liquid, chip, or block form.

Dye Chip
Additives

Solid dye in small chip form; easier to measure by weight for consistent color.

Dye Load
Measurements

The amount of dye used, often expressed as a percentage or drops per pound of wax.

E

E-commerce Platform
Business/Production

Online marketplaces or tools for selling products (Etsy, Shopify, WooCommerce, etc.).

ECO Wick

(ECO)

Wicks

A wick series often used in container candles; performance depends on wax, fragrance, dye, and jar diameter.

EU Regulations
Safety

European Union rules governing candle safety, labeling, and chemical disclosure (CLP, REACH).

Efficiency
Business/Production

Maximizing output while minimizing waste, time, and cost in production.

Email Marketing
Business/Production

Sending promotional messages and updates to customer email lists.

Embed
Additives

An object partially or fully encased in the candle wax for decoration; must be non-flammable and tested.

Embossing
Business/Production

Adding raised designs or text to candles or containers for branding.

Equipment
Tools

The tools and machinery used in candle making (scales, melters, thermometers, molds, etc.).

Essential Oil

(EO)

Fragrance

A concentrated aromatic oil derived from plants; not all are candle-safe or stable at candle temperatures.

Etsy
Business/Production

A popular online marketplace for handmade and artisan goods including candles.

Expansion
Business/Production

Growing a business by adding products, locations, or production capacity.

Expiration Date
Business/Production

A date indicating when a product should no longer be sold or used; not typically required for candles but relevant for shelf life.

Extinguishing
Safety

The method of putting out a candle flame; snuffer is recommended over blowing to reduce smoke and wax splatter.

F

Fading
Testing & Performance

Loss of scent strength or color intensity over time due to storage or environmental factors.

Fair Trade
Business/Production

Certification ensuring ethical sourcing and fair wages for ingredient producers.

Fill Line
Process

The maximum recommended wax level in a container to allow for safe burning and prevent overflow.

Fire Extinguisher
Safety

Safety equipment that should be accessible in any candle making or burning area.

Fire Safety
Safety

Precautions and practices to prevent candle-related fires and injuries.

First Aid
Safety

Basic medical supplies and knowledge for treating minor burns or injuries during candle making.

Flame Height
Testing & Performance

The visible height of the flame during burning; unusually high flames can indicate over-wicking or drafts.

Flash Point

(FP)

Safety

The temperature at which fragrance vapors can ignite; important for safe handling and pouring above this temp.

Flat Braid Wick
Wicks

A wick style often used in tapers and pillars; chosen based on wax type and candle diameter.

Formulation
Process

The specific recipe and ratios used to create a candle (wax blend, fragrance load, additives, wick).

Fragile Sticker
Business/Production

A label applied to packages indicating careful handling is required.

Fragrance Discoloration
Testing & Performance

When certain fragrance components cause wax to yellow, brown, or change color over time.

Fragrance Load

(FL)

Measurements

The percentage of fragrance oil used relative to the wax weight (example: 8% FL means 8g FO per 100g wax).

Fragrance Oil

(FO)

Fragrance

A formulated scented oil designed to be blended into wax for candles, melts, and other fragranced products.

Free Shipping
Business/Production

A promotional offer where shipping costs are covered by the seller.

Freezing Method
Process

A technique for removing leftover wax from containers by freezing, making it easy to pop out.

Frosting
Testing & Performance

A white, crystalline appearance on soy wax surfaces; natural and cosmetic but can be minimized with techniques.

Full Melt Pool
Testing & Performance

When the melt pool reaches near the container's inner edge during a burn cycle (timing matters).

Full-Time
Business/Production

Operating a candle business as a primary source of income and focus.

Funnel
Tools

A tool used to pour wax or fragrance into narrow containers without spilling.

G

Gel Wax
Wax

A mineral oil and polymer blend that creates a clear gel candle; requires compatible fragrance and wicks.

Gift Set
Business/Production

A curated collection of candles or products packaged together for gifting.

Glass
Containers & Hardware

The most common material for container candles; must be heat-resistant and tested for safety.

Glass Adhesion
Testing & Performance

How well wax bonds to the container sides; poor adhesion can cause gaps or wet spots.

Glitter
Additives

Decorative particles sometimes used in candles; must be non-flammable and tested for safety and clogging.

Gloves
Safety

Protective hand covering used when handling hot wax, containers, or fragrances.

Goggles
Safety

Eye protection worn when working with fragrances or hot wax.

Gram

(g)

Measurements

A metric unit of weight commonly used for precise fragrance and dye measurements.

Grater
Tools

A tool used to shred wax for faster melting or creating wax chips for embeds.

Greenwashing
Business/Production

Making misleading environmental claims; avoid vague terms without substantiation.

Gross Weight
Measurements

The total weight of the finished product including container, wax, and packaging.

H

HTP Wick

(HTP)

Wicks

A wick series with paper filament design; commonly tested in paraffin and blends depending on system.

Hand-Poured
Business/Production

Candles made by hand rather than automated production; often highlighted in artisan branding.

Harmonized Code

(HS Code)

Business/Production

A standardized numerical code used to classify products for customs and duties.

Headspace
Process

The empty space left at the top of a container above the wax fill line.

Heat Gun
Tools

A tool used to smooth candle surfaces, fix wet spots, or assist in cleanup.

Hobbyist
Business/Production

Someone who makes candles for personal enjoyment rather than as a primary business.

Hot Spot
Safety

An area on the container that becomes unusually hot during burning; can indicate wicking issues or wick placement problems.

Hot Throw

(HT)

Testing & Performance

How strongly a candle releases fragrance into a space while burning.

Humidity
Process

Moisture in the air that can affect candle appearance, cooling, and fragrance behavior.

I

IFRA

(IFRA)

Safety

International Fragrance Association; sets fragrance safety standards; candle makers should check IFRA certificates.

Industry Standards
Business/Production

Guidelines and regulations established for candle safety and quality (example: ASTM standards).

Influencer
Business/Production

A social media personality who can promote products to their audience for a fee or free products.

Infrared Thermometer

(IR Thermometer)

Tools

A non-contact thermometer used to measure jar or surface temperature during testing.

Ingredient List
Business/Production

A disclosure of what's in the candle; increasingly expected by conscious consumers.

Insurance
Business/Production

Liability coverage protecting candle businesses from claims related to product safety or damages.

Insurance Coverage
Business/Production

The types of protection included in a business liability policy (product liability, property damage, etc.).

Intermediate
Business/Production

A candle maker with experience who understands basics and is refining techniques and expanding products.

International Shipping
Business/Production

Sending products across borders; requires customs forms, duties, and compliance with destination country rules.

Inventory
Business/Production

Tracking raw materials and finished goods for production and sales planning.

J

Jar Cracking
Safety

When a container breaks or cracks due to thermal stress, often from over-wicking, drafts, or improper glass.

Jar Temperature
Safety

The surface temperature of the candle container during burning; excessive heat can indicate over-wicking or safety issues.

K

Keep Away From Flammables
Safety

Safety instruction to maintain clearance from curtains, paper, and other combustible materials.

L

LLC

(LLC)

Business/Production

Limited Liability Company; a business structure that protects personal assets from business liability.

LX Wick

(LX)

Wicks

A wick series used in many container and pillar applications; requires testing for your specific system.

Label
Business/Production

The printed product information and branding applied to candle containers or packaging.

Labeling Station
Business/Production

A dedicated area or step in production for applying labels to finished candles.

Ladle
Tools

A long-handled spoon sometimes used to transfer or skim wax.

Layering
Process

Pouring wax in separate layers to create visual effects; requires timing and temperature control.

Lead Time
Business/Production

The time between receiving an order and shipping the product; important for made-to-order businesses.

Learning
Business/Production

The ongoing process of improving skills through testing, courses, and community engagement.

Liability
Business/Production

Legal responsibility for harm caused by a product; managed through insurance, testing, and compliance.

Lid
Containers & Hardware

A cover for container candles that helps retain scent and protect from dust.

Limited Edition
Business/Production

Products available only for a short time or in limited quantities to create urgency.

Liquid Dye
Additives

Dye in liquid form; mixes easily but can be harder to measure consistently for color matching.

Luxury
Business/Production

High-end positioning emphasizing premium ingredients, packaging, and branding.

M

Made to Order
Business/Production

Producing candles only after receiving customer orders rather than keeping inventory.

Marbling
Process

A technique to create swirled color patterns in wax.

Marketing
Business/Production

Strategies to promote and sell candles (social media, advertising, events, etc.).

Markets
Business/Production

In-person events (farmers markets, craft fairs) where candles are sold directly to consumers.

Measuring Cup
Tools

A vessel marked with volume measurements; less precise than weighing for candle making.

Melt Point
Wax

The temperature at which wax transitions from solid to liquid; varies by wax type.

Melt Pool
Testing & Performance

The liquid wax layer that forms on top while burning; its diameter and depth indicate wick performance.

Melt Pool Depth
Testing & Performance

How deep the liquid wax layer is during a burn cycle; too deep can indicate over-wicking.

Melting
Process

The process of heating solid wax to liquid form for pouring or testing.

Memory Ring
Testing & Performance

A visible line or 'memory' left on the jar wall from a previous incomplete melt pool; often from short burn cycles.

Metal Mold
Containers & Hardware

A traditional mold type for pillars and votives; requires release agent and careful cooling.

Mica
Additives

A mineral powder used to add shimmer or color to candles; can clog wicks if overused.

Microcrystalline Wax
Additives

A petroleum-based wax sometimes used as an additive or for overdipping to add flexibility and shine.

Middle Notes
Fragrance

The heart of a fragrance that emerges after top notes fade; provides body and character.

Minimum Order
Business/Production

A required purchase amount for wholesale or free shipping offers.

Mixing Spoon
Tools

A long-handled spoon used to stir wax and additives.

Mold
Containers & Hardware

A form used to shape pillar, votive, or specialty candles.

Mottling
Testing & Performance

A crystalline patterned look in palm or certain blends; can be desirable or controlled depending on style.

Multi-Pour
Process

Pouring multiple containers in one batch to increase efficiency.

Mushrooming
Testing & Performance

Carbon buildup on the wick tip forming a 'mushroom' cap; can increase soot and instability.

N

Natural
Business/Production

A marketing term often used for candles made with natural waxes or essential oils; definitions vary.

Net Weight
Measurements

The weight of the candle wax only, excluding container and packaging (often required on labels).

Networking
Business/Production

Building relationships with other makers, suppliers, and businesses in the industry.

Never Leave Unattended
Safety

A critical safety warning that candles must be supervised while burning.

New Release
Business/Production

A newly launched product or scent to generate excitement and sales.

Newsletter
Business/Production

Regular email updates sent to subscribers with news, promotions, and tips.

Notes
Testing & Performance

Written observations during testing or production to track performance and changes.

O

Olive Wax
Wax

A wax or wax blend component derived from olive oil; often used in specialty blends.

Online Sales
Business/Production

Selling candles through websites, Etsy, social media, or other digital platforms.

Organic
Business/Production

A certification indicating ingredients meet organic standards; rarely applicable to all candle components.

Ounce

(oz)

Measurements

A common unit of measurement for wax and fragrance in candle making (weight or volume depending on context).

Out of Reach of Children and Pets
Safety

Safety instruction to keep candles away from curious hands and paws.

Oven Method
Process

A technique for removing wax by heating containers in the oven and wiping out melted wax.

Over-wicking
Testing & Performance

Using a wick that is too large/strong, causing excessive heat, large flames, deep melt pools, soot, or unsafe jar temperatures.

Overdipping
Process

Coating a finished candle in a thin layer of wax for color, shine, or protection.

Overhead
Business/Production

Fixed costs of running a business (rent, utilities, insurance) not directly tied to production.

Overheating
Process

Heating wax above recommended temperatures, which can degrade quality, scent, or cause safety issues.

P

Packaging
Business/Production

The materials used to protect and present candles for sale or shipping.

Palm Wax
Wax

Vegetable wax made from palm oil; often used for crystalline pillar styles and requires specific handling.

Paper Core Wick
Wicks

A cored wick type using paper filament; used in some container systems and requires testing.

Paper Towels
Tools

Absorbent material used for cleanup and wiping tools.

Paraben-Free
Safety

Products formulated without parabens, a preservative some consumers prefer to avoid.

Paraffin Wax
Wax

Petroleum-derived wax often valued for strong hot throw and predictable performance.

Patent
Business/Production

Legal protection for inventions or unique processes; rarely applicable to standard candle making.

Percentage
Measurements

A ratio expressed as parts per hundred; used for fragrance load, dye load, and wax blends.

Photography
Business/Production

Product images used for marketing, websites, and social media; quality impacts sales.

Phthalate-Free
Safety

Fragrance oils formulated without phthalates, which are regulated or banned in some regions.

Pillar Candle
Wax

A free-standing candle designed to hold its shape without a container.

Pitcher
Tools

A heat-resistant pouring vessel used to transfer melted wax into containers.

Polycarbonate Mold
Containers & Hardware

A rigid plastic mold often used for pillar candles; requires release agent.

Pop-Up Shop
Business/Production

A temporary retail space for selling products at events or seasonal locations.

Pound

(lb)

Measurements

A unit of weight often used for bulk wax purchases and batch calculations.

Pour Temperature
Process

The wax temperature at which you pour into containers or molds; affects adhesion, surface finish, and scent retention.

Pouring
Process

The act of transferring melted wax into containers or molds.

Pre-Order
Business/Production

Accepting payment for products before they are made, often for seasonal or custom items.

Pre-Scenting
Process

Preparing fragrance blends in advance to streamline production.

Premier Wick

(Premier)

Wicks

A wick series often used in containers; must be tested for wax type and fragrance load.

Presto Pot
Tools

A brand/style of electric pot commonly adapted for wax melting; the term is often used generically.

Pricing
Business/Production

Setting the cost of your candles based on materials, labor, overhead, and market positioning.

Primer / Primed Wick
Wicks

A wick pre-treated (often with wax) by the manufacturer to improve rigidity and burning characteristics.

Privacy Policy
Business/Production

A statement explaining how customer data is collected, used, and protected.

Private Label
Business/Production

Producing candles for another brand to sell under their name.

Product Line
Business/Production

A collection of related products offered by a business (example: seasonal collection, signature scents).

Production
Business/Production

The process of making candles at scale, from melting to labeling.

Professional
Business/Production

A candle maker running a business focused on sales, compliance, consistency, and growth.

Profit
Business/Production

The money remaining after all costs are subtracted from revenue.

Profit Margin
Business/Production

The percentage of revenue remaining after subtracting costs; essential for business sustainability.

Promotion
Business/Production

Special offers or discounts to encourage sales and attract customers.

Q

Quality Control

(QC)

Business/Production

The process of checking candles for safety, performance, and appearance consistency before sale.

R

REACH

(REACH)

Safety

Registration, Evaluation, Authorization of Chemicals; EU regulation affecting fragrance and dye suppliers.

Rancidity
Testing & Performance

When natural waxes or oils degrade and develop an off smell; more common in some vegetable waxes.

Rapeseed Wax
Wax

Vegetable wax from rapeseed/canola; used for containers and blends, often marketed as sustainable depending on sourcing.

Ratio
Measurements

The proportional relationship between ingredients (example: 90% wax to 10% fragrance).

Ready to Ship
Business/Production

Products already made and available for immediate purchase and shipping.

Recall
Business/Production

Removing a product from the market due to safety concerns; proper testing helps prevent this.

Recipe Card
Business/Production

A physical or digital document recording a candle formula for repeatability.

Recycling Wax
Process

Melting down leftover or test candle wax to reuse; may affect scent and color.

Refill
Business/Production

A candle or wax insert designed to replace a used candle in a reusable container.

Release Agent
Process

A spray or coating applied to molds to help candles release cleanly after cooling.

Relight
Testing & Performance

Lighting a candle again after it has cooled; relight behavior can reveal wicking or clogging issues.

Repeatability
Business/Production

The ability to consistently produce candles with the same performance across batches.

Repurposing
Business/Production

Encouraging customers to reuse candle containers for storage or decor after burning.

Rest Time
Process

The period after stirring before pouring, allowing bubbles to settle and temperature to stabilize.

Restock
Business/Production

Replenishing sold-out products; often announced to encourage repeat purchases.

Restricted Fragrances
Safety

Fragrance components that are limited or banned in certain regions due to safety concerns.

Retail
Business/Production

Selling candles directly to consumers at full price.

Return Policy
Business/Production

Rules governing customer returns and refunds; important for online sales.

Reusable Container
Containers & Hardware

A vessel designed to be used again after the candle is finished; supports sustainability messaging.

Revenue
Business/Production

The total income from sales before subtracting costs.

Reviews
Business/Production

Customer feedback on products and service; essential for building trust and improving offerings.

S

SDS

(SDS)

Safety

Safety Data Sheet; provides hazard and handling information for chemicals like fragrance oils.

SKU

(SKU)

Business/Production

Stock Keeping Unit; a unique identifier for each product variant in inventory and sales systems.

Safety Gear
Safety

Protective equipment like gloves, aprons, and goggles used during candle making.

Sample Size
Business/Production

A small candle or melt offered to let customers try a scent before purchasing full-size products.

Sampler Set
Business/Production

A collection of small candles or melts in various scents for customers to try.

Scale
Tools

A digital or mechanical tool used to measure ingredient weights accurately.

Scaling
Measurements

Adjusting recipe quantities up or down while maintaining the same proportions.

Scaling Up
Business/Production

Growing a candle business by increasing production capacity, sales channels, or product lines.

Scent Family
Fragrance

Broad categories of fragrances (floral, woody, citrus, etc.) used to classify and blend scents.

Scent Profile
Fragrance

The overall character and composition of a fragrance including its notes and families.

Scoopable Wax
Wax

A soft wax melt style intended to be scooped into a warmer; requires stable formulation.

Scraper
Tools

A tool used to remove dried wax from surfaces or containers.

Seal
Business/Production

An adhesive closure for packaging that also serves as a tamper-evident safety feature.

Sealing
Process

Applying a coating or treatment to porous containers (like concrete) to prevent wax seepage.

Seasonal
Business/Production

Candles marketed for specific seasons or holidays (example: pumpkin spice for fall, pine for winter).

Second Pour
Process

A top-off pour used to fix sinkholes or smooth the surface after the initial pour has cooled.

Seepage
Testing & Performance

Fragrance oil leaking out of the wax, often through the container bottom or wick hole, from overload or improper cooling.

Self-Trimming Wick
Wicks

A wick designed to curl and burn off excess length during use, potentially reducing mushrooming (still benefits from trimming).

Sensitizer
Safety

A substance that can cause skin sensitivity over time; some fragrances contain sensitizers.

Shelf Life
Business/Production

How long a candle maintains optimal quality before scent, color, or performance degrades.

Shipping
Business/Production

The process of packaging and sending candles to customers or retailers.

Shipping Box
Business/Production

A sturdy cardboard box used to send candles to customers or retailers.

Shopify
Business/Production

An e-commerce platform for building custom online stores.

Shrink Wrap
Business/Production

A plastic film that shrinks around candles when heated, providing protection and tamper evidence.

Side Hustle
Business/Production

Running a candle business part-time alongside other work or commitments.

Signature Scent
Business/Production

A unique or best-selling fragrance that defines a brand or product line.

Silicone Mat
Tools

A heat-resistant mat used to protect work surfaces from hot wax and spills.

Silicone Mold
Containers & Hardware

A flexible mold material that releases candles easily; popular for wax melts and shaped candles.

Single Note
Fragrance

A fragrance designed to smell like one specific scent (example: pure lavender or vanilla).

Sinkholes
Testing & Performance

Depressions or voids in the cooled candle surface, often near the wick, caused by contraction during cooling.

Skimming
Process

Removing surface debris or bubbles from melted wax before pouring.

Skin Safe
Safety

Fragrances formulated and tested for use on skin (example: in bath products); not all fragrance oils are skin safe.

Small Batch
Business/Production

Producing candles in limited quantities; often associated with quality and artisan craftsmanship.

Smoke
Safety

Visible emissions from a candle, often caused by soot, drafts, over-wicking, or an untrimmed wick.

Snap Bar
Wax

A molded wax melt bar designed to break into segments for warmers.

Snuffer
Tools

A tool designed to safely extinguish candle flames by smothering them.

Social Media
Business/Production

Online platforms (Instagram, Facebook, TikTok) used to showcase products and engage customers.

Sold Out
Business/Production

When a product is no longer available due to high demand; can drive future interest.

Sole Proprietorship
Business/Production

A business owned by one person without formal incorporation; simpler but less liability protection.

Sooting
Safety

Black residue produced by incomplete combustion; linked to wick choice, fragrance load, dye, drafts, or lack of trimming.

Soy Wax
Wax

Vegetable-based wax made from soybean oil; often used for container candles and melts.

Spatula
Tools

A tool for stirring, scraping, or smoothing wax during production.

Spills
Safety

Accidents where wax or fragrance is spilled; have cleanup materials ready.

Spreadsheet
Tools

A digital tool (like Excel or Google Sheets) used for recipe management, inventory, and cost tracking.

Square Braid Wick
Wicks

A wick style often used in beeswax pillars; provides stronger fuel delivery than flat braid in some cases.

Stabilo Wick
Wicks

A general term sometimes used for certain wick constructions (commonly associated with CD/CDN families).

Starter Kit
Tools

A beginner package containing basic supplies to learn candle making (wax, wicks, fragrance, containers).

Stearic Acid
Additives

An additive used to harden wax, increase opacity, and improve mold release in some systems.

Sticker
Business/Production

Adhesive branding or decorative element added to packaging or candles.

Stirring
Process

Mixing wax and additives (fragrance, dye) to ensure even distribution.

Stirring Time
Process

How long fragrance and additives should be mixed into wax to ensure even distribution.

Storage
Business/Production

How and where candles should be kept when not in use; affects scent retention and appearance.

Straight-Sided Container
Containers & Hardware

A jar or vessel with vertical walls; simpler for wick testing than tapered containers.

Straining
Process

Filtering melted wax through a mesh to remove debris or contaminants.

Subscription Box
Business/Production

A recurring shipment of candles sent to customers on a schedule (monthly, quarterly, etc.).

Sunflower Wax
Wax

Vegetable wax derived from sunflower oil; commonly used as a blend component for containers.

Supplier
Business/Production

A vendor providing raw materials (wax, fragrance, containers, wicks) for candle making.

Sustainable
Business/Production

Sourcing and practices designed to minimize environmental impact; increasingly important to consumers.

Sweating
Testing & Performance

Liquid fragrance oil beading on the candle surface due to temperature changes or excess fragrance load.

Syringe
Tools

A tool sometimes used for precise measurement of fragrance or additives.

T

Tamper-Evident
Safety

Packaging features that show if a product has been opened or altered.

Taper Candle
Wax

A tall, narrow candle designed to fit taper holders; usually uses harder wax and specific wick types.

Tapered Container
Containers & Hardware

A container with sloped walls; melt pool behavior may change as the candle burns down.

Tax
Business/Production

Government charges on income, sales, or business operations; varies by location.

Tealight
Wax

A small candle in a thin metal or polycarbonate cup; requires appropriate wicking for safety.

Temperature
Process

Ambient conditions affecting wax behavior; extreme heat or cold can cause sweating, cracking, or frosting.

Terms and Conditions
Business/Production

Legal agreements outlining business policies, liability, and customer responsibilities.

Testing Environment
Testing & Performance

Controlled conditions for wick testing to ensure consistent and comparable results.

Thank You Card
Business/Production

A note included with orders to show appreciation and encourage repeat business.

Thermometer
Tools

A device for measuring wax temperature during melting, mixing, and pouring.

Timer
Tools

A tool used to track burn cycles, cooling times, or production steps.

Tin
Containers & Hardware

A metal container often used for travel candles or wax melts.

Tissue Paper
Business/Production

Decorative paper used to wrap or cushion candles in packaging.

Top Notes
Fragrance

The first scents perceived when smelling a fragrance; typically lighter and more volatile.

Trade Show
Business/Production

An industry event where makers showcase products to retailers and other businesses.

Trademark
Business/Production

Legal protection for a business name, logo, or product name.

Transparency
Business/Production

Being open about ingredients, processes, and sourcing to build customer trust.

Travel Candle
Wax

A small, portable candle often in a tin; designed for easy transport and short burns.

Troubleshooting
Testing & Performance

Identifying and solving problems in candle performance or appearance.

Tunneling
Testing & Performance

When a candle burns down the center leaving wax on the sides, usually from under-wicking or short burn cycles.

Turnaround Time

(TAT)

Business/Production

How quickly orders are processed and shipped; affects customer satisfaction.

U

UK Regulations
Safety

United Kingdom rules for candle safety and labeling, similar to but separate from EU regulations post-Brexit.

US Regulations
Safety

United States rules for candle safety (ASTM standards, CPSC guidelines, state-specific labeling).

UV Inhibitor
Additives

An additive that helps protect candles from fading or discoloration due to sunlight.

Under-wicking
Testing & Performance

Using a wick that is too small/weak, causing tunneling, weak hot throw, or drowning/extinguishing.

V

Vanillin
Fragrance

A fragrance component that commonly causes wax discoloration (yellowing/browning); listed as a percentage in fragrance specs.

Variable Costs
Business/Production

Expenses that change with production volume (wax, fragrance, containers).

Variables
Testing & Performance

The factors that can change in candle making (wax type, fragrance load, wick, dye) and affect outcomes.

Vegan
Business/Production

Products made without animal-derived ingredients; common in plant-based wax and fragrance systems.

Ventilation
Safety

Air circulation in the workspace to remove fragrance vapors and heat; essential for safety.

Viscosity
Process

How thick or fluid a substance is; affects pouring, wick draw, and cooling behavior in wax.

Votive
Wax

A small candle typically burned in a holder; can be made as container or freestanding depending on wax.

Vybar
Additives

A polymer additive that improves fragrance retention and opacity; usage varies by wax type.

W

Warning Label
Safety

A label with safety instructions and burn warnings required for candle sales in many regions.

Waste
Business/Production

Leftover materials or defective products; minimizing waste improves profitability and sustainability.

Wax
Wax

The fuel of a candle that melts, feeds the wick, and solidifies when cooled.

Wax Blend
Wax

A mix of two or more wax types (or waxes plus additives) to improve performance, appearance, or scent throw.

Wax Melt
Wax

A wickless fragranced wax product warmed in a wax warmer to release scent.

Wax Melter
Tools

An electric appliance designed to melt wax safely and maintain temperature.

Wax Weight
Measurements

The total amount of wax in a finished candle, used to calculate fragrance load and pricing.

Website
Business/Production

An online presence for showcasing and selling candles; can be standalone or through platforms like Etsy.

Wedding Favors
Business/Production

Small candles given to guests at weddings or events; often customized.

Weighing
Measurements

Using a scale to measure wax, fragrance, dye, or additives precisely.

Wet Spots
Testing & Performance

Visible air gaps or bubbles between the wax and container wall, often caused by cooling rate or wax choice.

Whipped Wax
Process

Wax beaten to a fluffy texture while cooling, creating a frosted appearance.

Wholesale
Business/Production

Selling candles in bulk at a discounted rate to retailers or other businesses.

Wick
Wicks

The fuel delivery system that draws melted wax upward via capillary action to sustain a stable flame.

Wick Bar
Tools

A tool that spans the top of a container to hold and center the wick while pouring and cooling.

Wick Centering
Process

Keeping the wick positioned in the center of the container for even melting and reduced hot spots.

Wick Curl
Wicks

The way some wicks bend while burning, which can promote self-trimming behavior in certain designs.

Wick Pin
Tools

A pin used in molds to create a centered wick channel in pillar candles.

Wick Prep
Process

The process of preparing wicks before pouring (tabbing, priming, or measuring).

Wick Series
Wicks

A wick 'family' with consistent construction rules and sizing (example: CD, ECO, HTP, LX).

Wick Size
Wicks

The wick's strength rating within a series, chosen to match wax, fragrance, dye, and container diameter.

Wick Sticker
Containers & Hardware

A heat-resistant adhesive used to secure a wick tab to the container bottom.

Wick Tab
Containers & Hardware

The metal base attached to many wicks that anchors the wick at the container bottom.

Wick Testing
Testing & Performance

A structured process of burning test candles to select the best wick for safety and performance.

Wick Trimmer
Tools

A specialized scissor-style tool for trimming wicks to the recommended length.

Wick Trimming
Safety

Cutting the wick to a safe length (commonly about 1/4 inch) before lighting to reduce soot and stabilize the flame.

Wood Lid
Containers & Hardware

A decorative wooden cover for container candles, often engraved or branded.

Wood Wick
Wicks

A wick made of wood (single or booster styles) that can produce a crackling effect; requires specialized sizing/testing.

Workflow
Business/Production

The sequence and organization of tasks in candle production for efficiency.

Workspace
Business/Production

The physical area dedicated to candle making; should be well-ventilated and organized.

Z

Zinc Core Wick
Wicks

A cored wick type using zinc; commonly seen in some container paraffin systems and requires testing.

Understanding Candle Making Terminology

This comprehensive candle dictionary covers essential terminology used by candle makers at all levels. Whether you're just starting out or running a candle business, understanding these terms will help you communicate effectively, troubleshoot issues, and improve your candle making skills.

The dictionary includes common abbreviations like HT (Hot Throw), CT (Cold Throw), FO (Fragrance Oil), and technical terms related to wax types, wick selection, fragrance blending, testing procedures, and business operations.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is hot throw in candle making?

Hot throw (HT) refers to how strongly a candle releases fragrance into a space while burning. It's one of the most important performance metrics for evaluating candles.

What is cold throw in candle making?

Cold throw (CT) is how strongly a candle smells when it is not lit - from the wax in the container. It's what customers smell before purchasing.

What is cure time and why is it important?

Cure time is the rest period after pouring that allows wax crystals and fragrance to stabilize. This process often improves both hot throw and cold throw performance.

What is a melt pool in candles?

A melt pool is the liquid wax layer that forms on top while burning. Its diameter and depth indicate whether your wick is properly sized for the candle.